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Calcium channel blockers (e.g. diltiazem, felodipine, isradipine, lacidipine, nicardipine, nifedipine) work by:

blocking the transport of calcium ions through cell membranes

relaxing muscles in arterial walls and reducing arterial spasm

dilating peripheral veins to encourage pooling of blood

dilating peripheral veins to encourage pooling of blood

reducing the force of contraction of the heart.

Treatment must not be stopped suddenly, but should be tailed off slowly to prevent rebound angina. Verapamil is slightly different from the others in the way it works, and should not be used together with a beta-blocker.