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Resins

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Resins (e.g. cholestyramine, colestipol) work by binding to bile acids and preventing their reabsorption in the gut. This interferes with regulatory messages feeding back to the liver, so that more cholesterol is broken down into bile acids and excreted from the body. These drugs can lower LDL-cholesterol levels by up to 25 per cent on top of that achieved through dietary changes. Unfortunately, they cause triglycerides – another type of dietary fat linked to heart disease – to rise by up to 5 per cent. They are mainly used when a statin cannot be taken (see below). Side-effects include constipation and, in long-term treatment, a lack of fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E and K.

High Blood Pressure: Natural Self-help for Hypertension, including 60 recipes

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