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Besides the usual letters, numbers, and symbols, the touchscreen keyboard offers some special techniques and keys that allow you to do some tricks:

 Shift. These keys — there’s one to the left of the Z key and one to the right of the period (.) key — work similarly to Shift on a regular keyboard. You have two ways to use Shift on your iPad:Enter a single uppercase letter. Tap Shift to change the letter keys to their uppercase versions and then tap the letter. The keyboard automatically returns the letters to their lowercase versions.Enter multiple uppercase letters. Double-tap the Shift key. Again, the letters change to uppercase, but now you can tap as many letters as you need. When you’re ready to return to the lowercase letters, tap the Shift key once again.

 Key flicks. If you take a close look at the keyboard in Figure 1.5, you see faint symbols above the regular letters: a 1 above Q, an @ above A, a % above Z, and so on. You enter one of these extra symbols using a gesture called a key flick: that is, flick down on a key and instead of the key’s regular letter, you get the symbol above it. For example, flick down on the A key to enter an @ symbol.If you don’t see the extra symbols, it means the key flicks feature is turned off. Open the Settings app, tap General, tap Keyboard, and then tap the Key Flicks switch to On.

 .?123. Switches to the numeric keyboard, which includes not only the numbers, but also many punctuation marks. The key changes to ABC, and you tap ABC to return to the original keyboard.

 #+=. This key appears when you switch to the numeric keyboard, and tapping it switches to yet another keyboard that offers even more punctuation marks and symbols.

 Backspace. This key appears to the right of the P key, and tapping it deletes a single character to the left of the insertion point. However, you can also tap and hold this key to delete multiple characters.If you hold the Backspace key long enough, it starts deleting entire words instead of single characters. This really speeds up the deletion, but if you’re not careful, you can end up deleting much more than you intended to.

 Return. Much like the Return (or Enter) key on a physical keyboard, your iPad’s Return key starts a new line when you’re entering multiline text, and it initiates an action in a dialog or form. However, unlike a physical keyboard, your iPad’s Return key often changes its name or its function, depending on what task you’re currently doing. For example, I showed earlier (see Figure 1.4) that the Return key changes to the Search key when you invoke your iPad’s Search screen.