Читать книгу Handbook of Diabetes - Rudy Bilous - Страница 57

 Type 2 diabetes prevalence is set to increase to around 380 million persons worldwide by 2025, with the highest rates in the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East, North and South America.

 Rates are also higher in urban compared to rural populations and are increasing dramatically in younger age groups, particularly adolescents.

 Obesity is closely linked to development of type 2 diabetes through its association with insulin resistance, partly mediated by hormones and cytokines such as adiponectin, tumour necrosis factor‐α and possibly resistin.

 A genetic basis has been confirmed by the identification of variants in the transcription factor‐7‐like 2 allele and subsequent development of type 2 diabetes.

 The usefulness of the metabolic syndrome as a predictor of diabetes is still debated. β cell dysfunction is present at the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and gradually declines with time.