Читать книгу Handbook of Diabetes - Rudy Bilous - Страница 61

The reported incidence rates for type 2 diabetes vary according to the population under study and the year of observation. For white Europid populations, rates of 0.1–1% per annum have been reported. For Hispanic populations in the USA, rates of 2.8% were recorded in the San Antonio Study, which are similar to those of the Pima Indians in Arizona (approximately 2.5%) and the Australian aborigines (2.03%). Over the last 20 years, incidence rates among the Pima Indians has not changed, although the age of onset of type 2 diabetes has been declining.

The occurrence of type 2 diabetes in adolescence is a great cause for concern worldwide. In US Asian and Pacific Islanders, for example, rates of 12.1/100,000 patient–years have been reported in 10–19‐year‐olds, which is similar to rates reported for type 1 diabetes. In the UK, the overall incidence for <16‐year‐olds is much lower, at 0.53 per/100,000 patient–years, but 10 times more common in South Asian or black African compared to white children.

The rural–n ratio remains for diabetes incidence rates even in the presence of other risk factors such as central obesity. In Japan, there is an approximately threefold increase in the incidence among obese urban compared to rural populations (15.8 versus 5.8% over 10 years). Similarly, there is a twofold increase in incidence for USA versus Mexican Hispanic people corrected for age and economic circumstance, probably a reflection of changes in diet and lifestyle.

Figure 7.6 A league table of countries showing widely different prevalence rates of type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance. A mixture of genes and environment account for these differences. Forouhi NG and Wareham NJ. Medicine, 2006; 34(2): 57–60.