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Steven G. Brandl
Police in America
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Police In America
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Police In America
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About the Author
Part I Foundations for the Study of the Police
1 An Introduction to the Police in America
Objectives
Fact or Fiction
Police Spotlight: What It Takes to Be a Good Police Officer
Introduction
The Challenge of Policing a Free Society
Police Accountability in a Free Society
Technology on the Job
The Controversies and Difficulties of Policing
The Police Are Expected to Prevent and Solve Crime
Citizens May Not Cooperate With the Police, and May Even Do Them Harm
The Police Pay More Attention to Some Crimes, Some People, and Some Areas Than Others
The Police Have Other Responsibilities
The Police Use Discretion in Dealing With People
The Police Have Authority to Use Force and Arrest Citizens
Measuring Good Policing Is Difficult
The Media Do Not Necessarily Accurately Represent the Police
A Research Question
Ethics and Morals in Policing
Good Policing
Forms of Unethical Conduct
A Question of Ethics
Main Points
Important Terms
Questions for Discussion and Review
Fact or Fiction Answers
Media Library
Career Video
Criminal Justice in Practice
SAGE News Clip
Descriptions of Images and Figures
2 The History of the Police in America
Objectives
Fact or Fiction
Police Spotlight: Policing in the Early Days According to
The First One Hundred Years
, a publication of the Milwaukee Police Department,
Why Study the History of the Police?
Policing Colonial America
Constables and the Watch
Slave Patrols
The Sheriff
The First American Police Departments: The Political Era of Policing
The Industrial Revolution and the Creation of Cities
The Abolishment of Slavery
The London Metropolitan Police Department as a Role Model
The Creation of the First American Police Departments
Diversity in the Political Era of Policing
The Role of the Police During the Political Era
A Question of Ethics
Criminal Investigations During the Political Era
Technology on the Job
Early 1900s to 1960s: The Reform Era of Policing
Reform as Anti-Politics
The Creation of Federal and State Law Enforcement Agencies
Detectives as the Ultimate Professionals
The Reform Era and (Lack of) Diversity in Police Departments
Then the 1960s Happened
Good Policing
The 1970s to the Present: The Community Problem-Solving Era of Policing
Community and Problem-Oriented Policing
A Research Question
The Community Problem-Solving Era of Today and Beyond
Main Points
Important Terms
Questions for Discussion and Review
Fact or Fiction Answers
Media Library
SAGE News Clip
Descriptions of Images and Figures
3 The Characteristics and Structure of Police Organizations
Objectives
Fact or Fiction
Police Spotlight: Police Salaries and the Possible Consequences
Characteristics of Police Organizations
Police Agencies as Bureaucracies
A Division of Labor
A Hierarchy of Authority
Rules
Impersonal Relationships
Selection and Promotion Based on Competence
The Drawbacks of Bureaucracy
Police Agencies as Quasi-Military Organizations
Police Agencies as Monopolies
Good Policing
Police Agencies as Street-Level Bureaucracies
The Challenges of Managing Police Organizations
The Management of Discretion
Street Cops Versus Management Cops
Constant Resource Constraints and Demand for Services
Ambiguous and Difficult-to-Achieve Goals
The Structure of Police Departments
The Structure of Three Police Departments of Different Sizes
A Research Question
Technology on the Job
Major Operating Units in Police Departments
Patrol
Traffic
Criminal Investigation
Tactical Enforcement
Youth or Juvenile Bureau
Communications
Internal Affairs
Crime Analysis
Types and Levels of Law Enforcement Agencies
Local Police
County Sheriff’s Departments
State Law Enforcement Agencies
Special Jurisdiction Law Enforcement Agencies
A Question of Ethics
Federal Law Enforcement Agencies
Main Points
Important Terms
Questions for Discussion and Review
Fact or Fiction Answers
Media Library
Career Video
SAGE News Clip
Descriptions of Images and Figures
4 The Role of the Police
Objectives
Fact or Fiction
Police Spotlight: “Scoop and Run” in Philadelphia
The Police Enforce the Law
Give Meaning to the Law
Implement the Law
The Controversy of Law Enforcement
Time Spent on Law Enforcement Activities
The Police Control Crime
The Controversy of Crime Control
A Research Question
A Question of Ethics
The Difficulty of Crime Control
Police Lack Control Over Conditions of Crime
Good Policing
The Difficulties of Deterring Criminal Behavior
The Police Deal With Situations Where Force May Need to Be Used
Technology on the Job
The Police Respond to People in Need
The Police Handle Time-Pressing Situations
The Police Enforce the Law, Maintain Order, and Provide Services
Main Points
Important Terms
Questions for Discussion and Review
Fact or Fiction Answers
Media Library
Career Video
SAGE News Clip
Descriptions of Images and Figures
Part II Police Work
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