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Figure 2.16 Precursor of rRNA. The precursor transcript (top) contains the 16S, 23S, and 5S rRNAs, as well as one or more tRNAs. RNases cut the individual rRNAs and tRNAs out of the precursor after it is synthesized.

The faster a cell grows, the more protein it needs to make. Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis; therefore, cells can increase their growth rate only if they increase the number of ribosomes. In most bacteria, the coding sequences for the rRNAs are repeated in several copies in the genome. Duplication of these genes leads to higher rates of rRNA synthesis in these bacteria. Although the precursor RNAs encoded by these different copies produce identical rRNAs, the rRNA gene clusters often contain different tRNAs and spacer regions.