Читать книгу Statistical Quality Control - Bhisham C. Gupta - Страница 32

Deming's 14‐point philosophy helped Western management transform old‐fashioned “business as usual” to modern business, where concern for quality is part of the various problems that face any business. Note, however, that there is a danger that these concerns may spread like wildfire, to the detriment of the business as a whole. Further, some problems are what Deming calls “deadly diseases” and become hurdles on the way to fully implement the transformation (Deming 1986, Chapter 3). Deming describes the deadly diseases as follows:

1 Lack of constancy of purpose to plan products and services that have a market sufficient to keep the company in business and provide jobs.

2 Emphasis on data analysis, a data‐based decision approach, and short‐term profits. Short‐term thinking that is driven by a fear of an unfriendly takeover, and pressure from bankers and shareholders to produce dividends.

3 Performance evaluations, merit ratings, or annual reviews without giving sufficient resources to accomplish desired goals.

4 Job hopping by managers for higher ranks and compensation.

5 Using only visible data or data at hand in making decisions, with little or no consideration of what is unknown or unknowable.

6 Excessive medical costs.

7 Excessive liability cost that is jacked up by lawyers who work on contingency fees and unfair rewards given by juries.

Deadly diseases 1, 3, 4, and 5 can usually be taken care by using a total quality approach to quality management, but this topic is beyond the scope of this book. However, deadly diseases 2, 6, and 7, add major costs to the organization without contributing to the health of the business. They are more cultural problems, but they pressure companies to implement quality improvement and consequently compete globally.