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The iPhone keyboard contains a number of keys that don’t type a character (refer to Figure 2-3). These special-use keys follow:

 Shift key: Switches between uppercase and lowercase letters if you’re using the alphabetical keyboard. If you’re using keyboards that show only numbers and symbols, the traditional shift key is replaced by a key labeled #+= or 123. Pressing that key toggles between keyboards that have just symbols and numbers. To turn on caps lock mode and type in all caps, make sure caps lock is enabled. You do that by tapping the Settings icon, then tapping General, and then tapping Keyboard. Tap the Enable Caps Lock item to turn it on. After the caps lock setting is enabled, you double-tap the shift key to turn on caps lock. (The upward-pointing arrow in the shift key turns black and is underlined when caps lock is on.) Tap the shift key again to turn off caps lock. To disable caps lock, just reverse the process by turning off the Enable Caps Lock setting (tap Settings, General, Keyboard). Before going through this drill, double-tap the shift key to see if you have to enable or disable the setting.

 Toggle key: Switches between the different keyboard layouts.

 Emoji key: The key identified by a smiley face summons an emoji keyboard with, yes, smiley faces, among other emoticons. You’ll find Apple’s memoji stickers and animojis, and pictures of bells, boats, balloons, and animals. It also give you access to the keyboard-switching menu if the international keyboard key (see next section) isn’t displayed.FIGURE 2-3: Going wide on the keyboard.

 International keyboard key: Shows up with a globe on the face of the key only if you’ve turned on an international keyboard, as explained in the sidebar titled “A keyboard for all borders,” later in this chapter. Tap and hold down this key if you want to choose a one-handed keyboard as discussed in the next section.Note: When you select a keyboard in a different language — or English for that matter — you can select different software keyboard layouts (QWERTY, AZERTY, QWERTX) and a hardware keyboard layout (if you connect a hardware keyboard via Bluetooth or the Lightning port).

 Delete key: Erases the character immediately to the left of the cursor. If you press down the delete key for a few seconds, it begins erasing entire words rather than individual characters.

 Return key: Moves the cursor to the beginning of the next line. As mentioned, the Return key becomes a Go key on the Safari keyboard.

 Dictation key: Lets you use Siri to dictate your words. More on Siri in Chapter 5.

The iPhone can automatically recognize the language in which you're dictating based on the international keyboards you set up on your device.

In Figure 2-3, note some of the labeled symbols above the keyboard, some unique to the Notes app. The quick takeaway is that you may see buttons or symbols or both related to the app in question — and that’s the way it should be. Here in Notes, for example, you can tap symbols to add tables, headings, stylings, sketches, and formatting, create a checklist, scan documents, and summon markup tools. Read more about the Notes app in Chapter 6.

If you’ve enabled the shift key, the letters will appear on their respective keys as capital letters. If the shift key has not been enabled, the letters are lowercase.