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Levan is a homofructan composed of fructose residues and can be secreted by several microorganisms (e.g. Acetobacter sp., Halomonas sp., Zymomonas sp., Lactobacillus sp.) or produced by plants [7,125,126]. Levan does not swell in water, and it has a very low intrinsic viscosity value. It is water and oil soluble, is compatible with salts and surfactants, and has emulsifying capacity, biological activity, and adhesive ability [127,128]. Its functional properties turn it suitable for use in food (e.g. prebiotic agent), cosmetics (e.g. dermal filler), and pharmaceuticals. The levan low viscosity promotes its use in pharmaceuticals to produce capsules or coatings and in several therapeutic applications. Levan nanoparticles have potential to delivery peptides and protein drugs. Further, levan is used in the green synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles [126,129]. It is produced by Montana Polysaccharides Corp. in the United States.