Читать книгу Biopolymers for Biomedical and Biotechnological Applications - Группа авторов - Страница 40

Several studies report that microalgal EPS can led to the activation of macrophages. Macrophage activation is achieved by (i) improving macrophage proliferation, (ii) enhancing phagocytic activity, (iii) increasing NO and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and (iv) stimulating or regulating cytokines and chemokines release [188]. In vitro, EPS produced by P. cruentum promoted the proliferation of peritoneal macrophages and increased the NO production. Furthermore, the EPS enhanced lymphocyte proliferation in tumor‐bearing mice, which suggests that the mechanism for the antitumor activity against implanted S180 tumor might be related to the immunomodulatory activity of this polysaccharide [188]. Sulfated EPS produced by the harmful G. impudicum induced the activation of murine peritoneal macrophages that had a cytotoxic effect on tumor cells, which was mainly due to the production of NO [51]. The EPS from D. chlorelloides exhibit a significant immunomodulatory effect by stimulation of anti‐ and pro‐inflammatory cytokines [71].