Читать книгу Autoimmune Liver Disease - Группа авторов - Страница 82

Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) frequently develop in autoimmune diseases that contain T‐cell and B‐cell zones capable of producing adaptive cellular and humoral immune responses [27]. TLSs portend poor prognosis due to increased autoactivation of T‐ and B‐cell clones. Excessive production of autoantibodies against initiating autoantigens and those involved with epitope spreading augment antibody‐mediated cytotoxicity during the evolution of autoimmune diseases (Figure 2.2). In addition, APC phagocytosis and processing of immune complexes composed of autoantigens and autoantibodies dramatically increase the quantity of autoantigen‐specific CD8 CTLs. Tfh cells and their signature cytokine IL‐21 drive B‐cell production of high‐affinity autoantibodies, differentiation of memory B cells, and APC functions of activated B cells within the expanded number of germinal centers in TLSs.