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It remains unclear if changes in the fecal microbiota associated with specific autoimmune diseases represent causes or effects [20]. Were causal relationships identified for either initiation or perpetuation of autoimmunity, several strategies theoretically could decrease the risk of autoimmunity, especially if used during pregnancy and infancy. These include probiotics to shape the evolution of the gut microbiota and sustain the mucosal barrier, fecal microbiota transplantation to create a preventive gut microbiome, and either deliberate infection with non‐pathogenic helminths or ingestion of specific parasite peptides to promote a systemic immunosuppressive Th2 environment [28].