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Strategic planning is a continuous, systematic process of making decisions today with the greatest possible knowledge of their effects on the future (Drucker, 1974). The final product of the strategic planning process is the creation of a strategic plan. A strategic plan has several purposes. First, it clearly defines the mission of the organization and establishes realistic goals and objectives consistent with that mission. Next, it communicates the mission, goals, and objectives to the organization and the community. Third, a strategic plan helps to ensure that the needed resources are available to carry out the initiatives that have been identified as important to the organization. Next, it provides a method to track progress and a mechanism for making changes when needed in the future. Last, a strategic plan allows nurse leaders to select among seemingly equal alternatives based on each alternatives' potential to move the organization toward the desired end goal.

Strategic planning may be conducted for an entire organization, a unit or division, or a major initiative. This chapter will focus on creating a strategic plan to embark on a journey toward high reliability.

Large strategic planning projects benefit from the formation of an advisory board selected from various constituencies what will be affected by the plan. The advisory board does not have formal authority over a program but is instrumental in reviewing the plan and making recommendations and suggestions. Because the advisory board is deliberately selected to reflect representation from various areas, the board will be able to identify potential concerns and provide sound guidance for the plan.

Various strategic planning approaches or models exist. Because they are both based on the scientific method, strategic planning steps are similar to the steps in the nursing process. In strategic planning, the organization analyzes the environment, reviews the literature, formulates goals, develops strategies and action plans, implements the plan, and evaluates the plan. Table 4.5 lists more detailed steps in the strategic planning process.

Table 4.5 Steps in the Strategic Planning Process

Perform environmental assessmentSWOT analysisStakeholder analysisReview literature for evidence‐based best practicesDetermine congruence with organizational mission, vision, and valuesIdentify planning goals and objectivesDesign strategies or programs to achieve goalsEstimate resources required for the planPrioritize according to available resourcesEstablish action plansIdentify timelines, resources, and responsibilitiesDevelop a marketing planWrite and communicate the business plan/strategic planImplement the strategic planEvaluate the plan

Source: Patti Ludwig‐Beymer.