Читать книгу Soil Bioremediation - Группа авторов - Страница 34

Plants adopt different strategies and complex mechanisms for survival under critical conditions, which are mostly caused by biotic or abiotic stresses. Plant stress occurs through damage by certain living or nonliving species. Living organisms such as viruses, bacteria, parasites, fungi, beneficial or harmful insects, and native or cultivated plants mostly initiate biotic stresses. Abiotic stresses such as, mineral toxicity, excessive watering, drought, extreme temperatures, salinity negatively impact development, growth, yield, and seed quality of plants and other crops. Differentiation between the damage caused by living or nonliving agents is a very difficult task even with the help of accurate diagnosis and close examinations. Relative oxygen species generated in the plants that accumulate in cells under environmental stress results in the oxidation of carbohydrates, proteins, lipid, chlorophyll, nucleic acids, etc. [121–123].