Читать книгу Soil Bioremediation - Группа авторов - Страница 35

Plant cells have evolved intricate defense systems including: (i) Plant hormones (phytohormones), such as, ethylene, jasmonic acid [JA], salicylic acid [SA], abscisic acid [ABA], and brassino‐steroids. These phytohormones are mostly required by plants for their growth and development and occasionally act as defense mechanisms. (ii) Enzymatic systems that comprise superoxide dismutase [SOD], ascorbate peroxidase [APX], catalase [CAT], glutathione reductases [GR], dehydro‐ascorbate reductases [DHAR], mono dehydro‐ascorbate reductases [MSHAR], glutathione peroxidase [GPX], glutathione‐S‐transferase [GST] and guaicol peroxidase [GOPX]. (iii) Nonenzymatic systems include glutathione [GSH], ascorbic acid, nonprotein amino acids, α‐tocopherol, phenolic compounds and alkaloids, which can hunt primordial generated ROS [124, 125].

Different research has documented different mechanisms for the degradation of HMs and pesticides as follows.