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2.5 Bioactive Properties of Vanillin 2.5.1 Antimicrobial Activity

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Resistance of pathogenic bacteria toward majority of antimicrobial drugs has been prominently developed, which warrants the need for new antivirulence drugs for their effective control. Research and development of innovative antimicrobial agents to target various pathogenic bacterial virulence factors is going on since back two decades, but few drugs showing significance in their efficacy. Phytochemicals and microbial transformed metabolites or bioactive metabolites show promising antimicrobial activity by targeting various virulence factors. As we know quorum sensing is a bacterial signaling pathway for communicating to their external environments and in turn quorum sensing facilitate the pathogenic bacteria to enhance their pathogenesis by regulating the expression patterns of various virulence factors gene and associated factors (Deep et al., 2011). Targeting various pathways related to quorum sensing has become a novel and innovative approach for designing antibacterial quorum‐sensing agents. Antiquorum‐sensing drugs have the ability to affect bacterial pathogenicity because drug affects various factors and pathways involved in quorum sensing pathway in different ways. Vanilla and vanilla‐containing foods might promote antimicrobial activity by suppressing quorum sensing and their intermediate pathways particularly colonization and biofilms formation (Jakobsen et al., 2012). For example, Chromobacterium violaceum is a Gram‐negative bacterium that produces violacein pigment, a molecule that helps this bacterium to communicate with external environment, whose expression is controlled by quorum sensing. Recently, it has been evidenced that vanilla‐containing food materials promote inhibition of violacein production and thus help in breaking quorum sensing and in turn also arrest the communication among bacteria and environments around it (Asfour, 2018).

Biomolecular Engineering Solutions for Renewable Specialty Chemicals

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