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Biomolecular Engineering Solutions for Renewable Specialty Chemicals
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Страница 1
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Illustrations
Guide
Pages
Страница 7
Страница 8
Страница 9
Страница 10
1 Engineered Microorganisms for Production of Biocommodities
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Fundamentals of Genetic Engineering
1.2.1 DNA‐altering Enzymes
1.2.1.1 DNA Polymerases
1.2.1.2 Nucleases
1.2.1.3 Ligases
1.2.1.3.1 Mechanism of Action
1.2.1.4 DNA‐modifying Enzymes
1.2.1.4.1 Alkaline Phosphatase
1.2.1.4.2 T4 Poly Nucleotide Kinase
1.2.1.4.3 Terminal Transferase
1.2.1.4.4 Topoisomerases
1.2.2 Vectors
1.2.3 Incorporation of Modified DNA into Host
1.2.3.1 Introducing Recombinants into Prokaryotes
1.2.3.1.1 Transformation
1.2.3.1.2 Transduction
1.2.3.1.3 Conjugation
1.2.3.2 Introducing Recombinants into Eukaryotic Hosts
1.2.3.2.1 Transfection
1.2.3.2.2 Electroporation
1.2.3.2.3 Microinjection
1.2.3.2.4 Biolistics
1.2.4 Selection of Transformants
1.2.4.1 Direct Selection
1.2.4.1.1 Direct Antibiotic Resistance Screening
1.2.4.1.2 Blue–White Color Screening
1.2.4.2 Identification of the Clone from a Gene Library
1.2.4.2.1 Nucleic Acid Hybridization
1.2.4.2.2 Functional Screening
1.2.4.2.3 Chromosome Walking
1.3 Beneficial Biocommodities Produced Through Engineered Microbial Factories
1.3.1 Biopolymers
1.3.1.1 Cellulose
1.3.1.2 Poly‐ϒ‐glutamic Acid
1.3.1.3 Hyaluronic Acid
1.3.1.4 Polyhydroxyalkoate
1.3.2 Organic Acids
1.3.2.1 Citric Acid
1.3.2.2 Lactic Acid
1.3.2.3 Succinic Acid
1.3.2.4 Fumaric Acid
1.3.3 Therapeutic Proteins
1.4 Photosynthetic Production of Biofuels
1.4.1 Biohydrogen
1.4.2 Biodiesel
1.4.3 Bioethanol
1.4.4 Terpenoids
1.5 Conclusion
References
2 Microbial Cell Factories for the Biosynthesis of Vanillin and Its Applications
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Natural Sources of Vanilla and Its Production
2.3 Biotechnological Production of Vanillin
2.3.1 Enzymatic Synthesis of Vanillin
2.3.2 Microbial Biotransformation of Ferulic Acid to Vanillin
2.3.3 Agro‐wastes as a Source for Biovanillin Production
2.4 Strain Development for Improved Production of Vanillin 2.4.1 Metabolic and Genetic Engineering
2.5 Bioactive Properties of Vanillin 2.5.1 Antimicrobial Activity
2.5.2 Antioxidant Activity
2.5.3 Anticancer Activity 2.5.3.1 Apoptosis Pathway
2.5.3.2 Tumor Necrosis Factor‐induced Apoptosis
2.5.3.3 Cell Cycle Arrest
2.5.3.4 Nuclear Factor κB (NF‐κB) Pathway
2.5.4 Anti‐sickling Activity
2.5.5 Hypolipidemic Activity
2.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
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