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Conjugation is the procedure of movement of hereditary material from a donor cell to a beneficiary cell when they are in close contact. It was found by Lederberg and Tatum in 1946 who indicated that two distinct strains of microscopic organisms with various development prerequisites could trade qualities. It was found by Lederberg and Tatum in 1946 who indicated that two distinct strains of microscopic organisms with various development prerequisites could trade qualities. They derived that the bacterial cells must cooperate with one another so as to move the genetic material and the procedure is currently known as sexual conjugation by direct contact. A section (not often all) of the donor’s chromosome recombines with the recipient chromosome through homologous recombination. For conjugation the key characteristic is the physical contact. The two cells should be in close proximity. Recipients containing donor DNA are called transconjugants. Genetic exchange through conjugation is unidirectional. Fertility plasmid (F plasmid) plays an important role in conjugation. The donor cells are F+ and have F plasmid, while the recipient is not having F plasmid and is F−.