Читать книгу Manual of Equine Anesthesia and Analgesia - Группа авторов - Страница 214

 Carbon dioxide is the end product of aerobic metabolism. There is a continuous gradient of CO2 from the mitochondria in peripheral cells to venous blood and then to the alveolar gas.

 Carbon dioxide is transported in the blood in several forms including:Dissolved in physical solution (~5%).As carbonic acid (~90%).Combined with proteins (~5%) such as carbaminohemoglobin.

 Carbon dioxide moves from the blood to the alveoli in its dissolved form only.

 Alveolar CO2 partial pressures are directly proportional to CO2 production and indirectly proportional to alveolar ventilation. VaCO2 = Rate of CO2 production.VA = Alveolar ventilation.

 Clinically, the adequacy of alveolar ventilation is evaluated by measuring arterial CO2 partial pressures (PaCO2).

 The normal values for PaCO2 and PACO2 are between 35 and 45 mmHg.