Читать книгу Manual of Equine Anesthesia and Analgesia - Группа авторов - Страница 57

 Blood consists of plasma and solid components.

 Plasma comprises about 55% of the blood volume.

 Plasma contains about 90% water, and the remaining 10% consists of ions, proteins, dissolved gases (primarily nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide), nutrients, and wastes.

 Total protein reference range for adult horse: 6.5–7.5 g/dl.Plasma protein value is approximately 0.3–0.5 g/dl greater than serum protein.

 The proteins in plasma include the globulins, albumin, fibrinogen, and coagulation factors.

 A hand‐held refractometer can be used to measure total solids, which are an estimate of total protein; however, the readings can be affected by other substances in the plasma.This is because refractometer scales are calibrated against normal serum, and values of many non‐protein solutes (e.g. electrolytes) vary in the population.Thus, it may be prudent to evaluate albumin and globulin concentrations separately in some disease states.