Читать книгу X-Ray Fluorescence in Biological Sciences - Группа авторов - Страница 67

With the ever‐increasing exploitation of mineral resources, heavy metal pollution has led to a serious effect on the ecosystem. Micro‐organisms which participate in nearly all biochemical reactions exist widely in the environment. They play an important role in the dissolution, migration, transformation, and precipitation of heavy metals. High concentrations of heavy metals possess toxic effects on micro‐organisms, including the disruption of cell membranes, alteration of enzyme specificity and protein structure, and the sometimes fatal destruction of DNA [1]. In environments, heavy metals contaminate some micro‐organisms, which are detoxified through biological processes such as adsorption, accumulation, and biotransformation, and further influence the circulation of elements and chemical species. X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) develop alongside synchrotron (SR) technology, which can be applied to understand the distribution, migration, and transformation of heavy metals.