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The Epsilon 5 EDXRF spectrometer (Figure 6.2) equipped with a Gadolinium (Gd) tube at 100 kV is designed for fast, high precision, qualitative and quantitative elemental analysis. This was the machine used to determine Arsenic concentrations in hair samples [6]. It is microprocessor‐controlled and operated from an external PC connected to the spectrometer. The sample changer of the system can accommodate up to 133 samples. It has a programmable system that automates the loading of the sample into the measuring chamber. It is outfitted with stainless steel trays to hold samples in the cabinet and sample cups to hold samples in the measuring chamber during irradiation.

Figure 6.1 (a)–(d) Different steps of making sample pellet for EDXRF analysis. (a) Initially hair sample was grinding with ball mill. (b) Finally grinding with mortar and pestle to get fine powder for making pellets. (c) Making of pellets with Hydraulic press pellet maker. (d) Pellets is ready for irradiation.

Figure 6.2 Irradiation of sample pellets using compact energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (EDXRF) system.