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Irradiation of the sample pellet was done with a 30 m Ci Cd‐109 radioisotope annular source for about one thousand seconds to excite the characteristic X‐rays of the elements present in the sample. The X‐rays were detected with the Si (Li) detector of 170 eV resolution. The X‐ray spectrum of each sample was collected by a multichannel analyzer and transferred to a computer for storage, processing, and evaluation of the net X‐ray intensities. Commercial software “AXIL” installed on the system was employed for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the respective elements in the sample. Detailed of the machine set up and its working principles are described elsewhere [16, 17].

Figure 6.4 Pellet of blood sample.

Figure 6.5 Energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (EDXRF) system.