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2.4.2.2 Parasitism

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Parasitism acts by producing antagonistic agents that can parasite other fungi and feed on them. Biocontrol agents either destroy fungal propagules or cause partial obstruction and lysis of pathogen structure by producing hydrolytic enzymes. The host plant also acquires a defense mechanism by delivering chitinases and β-1,3-glucanase, which act on pathogen cell walls [97]. Under field conditions, strawberry plants are protected by Bacillus subtilis against Bacillus cinerea by the secreting extracellular enzymes viz., chitinase and proteases [98]. Moreover, five species of Tilletiopsis from the phyllosphere have antagonistic activity against powdery mildew by producing chitinase and endo- and exo- β-1,3-glucanase [99].

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