Читать книгу Core Microbiome - Группа авторов - Страница 39

Pathogens and pests are responsible for 15–30% of crop yield losses worldwide [111]. We depend on chemical-based crop production and protection strategies using chemical fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, and fungicides for a sufficient and steady yield. Biological chemical-free agriculture is gaining more and more support ecologically. For disease control, ecological control has been the desirable policy in which nonpathogenic microorganisms are applied to the foliar parts of the plant to affect disease suppression [112]. Microorganisms of the phyllosphere take over a large assortment of adaptation and biocontrol factors, which permit them to adopt the phyllosphere condition and discourage pathogen growth, thus assisting in plant health [113].

The genera of Pantoea and Sphingomonas have a vital contribution to wildfire disease inhibition [114]. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens as a biocontrol agent to mandarin fruit suppresses Penicillium digitatum infection by 77% [115]. Trichoderma atroviridae can be correlated with reduced infection of Botrytis cinerea in strawberries by 88% [116]. Black leaf streak disease in bananas caused by Pseudocercospora musae is restrained by Bacillus subtilis B106 up to 72% [117]. The biocontrol agent Trichoderma koningii controls up to 93% of Phytophthora cactorum pathogen that causes collar rot in apples [118]. Similarly, infection caused by Phytophthora medium in rubber trees can be controlled by using biocontrol agents, such as Alcaligenes sp. EIL-2 [119].