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The release of these materials to the atmosphere contributes to commercial and domestic engineered nuclear power plants [91]. The use of engineering materials would increase soil and groundwater NP concentrations, which provide the most significant exposure pathways for assessing environmental risk [92]. During the formation of natural NPs, the surface of NPs can be consumed, co‐precipitated, or stuck with the accumulation of NPs containing toxins adsorbed to their bodies by a vast specific‐to‐mass proportion of natural NPs. NP pollutants' interaction depends on the characteristics of NPs, such as scale, composition, morphology, porosity and aggregation, and structure [93]. The following attributes of NPs make the ideal theme candidate for environmentally friendly goods, sanitation of toxic substance‐contaminated materials, and ecological stage sensors [10]. Superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs are a valuable sorbent material for this harmful soft material [94, 95].

NP photodegradation is also a generalized method, which includes the use of several nanomaterials. For photodegradation, Rogozea et al. revealed in a tandem fashion that modified silica NiO/ZnO has been productive because of the minimum size of the high NP surface (<10 nm) [96].