Читать книгу Sound - John Tyndall - Страница 2
Table of Contents
Оглавление§ 1. Introduction: Character of Sonorous Motion. Experimental Illustrations
§ 2. Experiments in Vacuo, in Hydrogen, and on Mountains
§ 3. Intensity of Sound. Law of Inverse Squares
§ 4. Confinement of Sound-waves in Tubes
§ 5. The Reflection of Sound. Resemblances to Light
§ 7. Diffraction of Sound: illustrations offered by great Explosions
§ 8. Velocity of Sound: relation to Density and Elasticity of Air
§ 9. Theoretic Velocity calculated by Newton Laplace’s Correction
§ 10. Ratio of Specific Heats of Air deduced from Velocity of Sound
§ 11. Mechanical Equivalent of Heat deduced from Velocity of Sound
§ 12. Absence of Radiative Power of Air deduced from Velocity of Sound
§ 13. Velocity of Sound through Gases, Liquids, and Solids
§ 14. Hooke’s Anticipation of the Stethoscope
NOTE ON THE DIFFRACTION OF SOUND
§ 2. Musical Sounds produced by Taps
§ 3. Musical Sounds produced by Puffs
§ 4. Musical Sounds produced by a Tuning-fork
§ 6. Definition of Pitch: Determination of Rates of Vibration
§ 7. The Siren: Analysis of the Instrument
§ 8. Determination of Wave-lengths: Time of Vibration
§ 10. Limits of the Ear; and of Musical Sounds
§ 11. Drum of the Ear. The Eustachian Tube
§ 12. Helmholtz’s Double Siren
§ 13. Transmission of Musical Sounds by Liquids and Solids
§ 1. Vibrations of Strings: Use of Sound-Boards
§ 2. Laws of Vibrating Strings
§ 4. Mechanical Illustrations of Damping Various Points of Vibrating Cord
§ 6. Application of Mechanical Illustrations to Musical Strings
§ 8. New Mode of determining the Laws of Vibration
§ 9. Timbre; Klangfarbe; Clang-tint
§ 10. Mingling of Overtones with Fundamental. The Æolian Harp
§ 11. Young’s Optical Illustrations
§ 1. Transverse Vibrations of a Rod fixed at Both Ends
§ 2. Transverse Vibrations of a Rod fixed at One End
§ 3. Chladni’s Tonometer: the Iron Fiddle, Musical Box, and the Kaleidophone
§ 4. Transverse Vibrations of a Rod free at Both Ends. The Claque-bois and Glass Harmonica
§ 5. Vibrations of a Tuning-fork
§ 7. Vibrations of Square Plates: Nodal Lines
§ 8. Wheatstone’s Analysis of the Vibrations of Square Plates
§ 9. Vibrations of Circular Plates
§ 10. Strehlke and Faraday’s Experiments: Deportment of Light Powders
§ 11. Vibration of Bells: Means of rendering them visible
§ 2. Longitudinal Pulses in Iron and Brass: their Relative Velocities determined
§ 3. Longitudinal Vibrations of Rods fixed at One End: Musical Instruments formed on this Principle
§ 4. Vibrations of Rods free at Both Ends
§ 5. Fracture of Glass Tube by Sonorous Vibrations
§ 6. Action of Sonorous Vibrations on Polarized Light
§ 7. Vibrations of Rods of Wood: Determination of Relative Velocities in Different Woods
§ 8. Experiments with Resonant Jars. Analysis and Explanation
§ 9. Reinforcement of Bell by Resonance
§ 10. Expenditure of Motion in Resonance
§ 12. Principles of Resonance applied to Organ-Pipes
§ 13. Vibrations of Stopped Pipes: Modes of Division: Overtones
§ 14. Vibrations of Open Pipes: Modes of Division: Overtones
§ 15. Velocity of Sound in Gases, Liquids, and Solids determined by Musical Vibrations
§ 18. Kundt’s Experiments: New Modes of determining Velocity of Sound
§ 19. Explanation of a Difficulty
§ 1. Rhythm of Friction: Musical Flow of a Liquid through a Small Aperture
§ 3. Experimental Analysis of Musical Flame
§ 4. Rate of Vibration of Flame: Toepler’s Experiment
§ 6. Action of Extraneous Sounds on Flame: Experiments of Schaffgotsch and Tyndall
§ 7. Discovery of Sensitive Flames by Le Conte
§ 8. Experiments on Fish-tail and Bat’s-wing Flames
§ 9. Experiments on Flames from Circular Apertures
§ 13. Mr. Philip Harry’s Sensitive Flame
§ 15. Constitution of Liquid Veins: Sensitive Water-jets
§ 1. Interference of Water-Waves
§ 3. Experimental Illustrations
§ 4. Interference of Waves from Organ-pipes
§ 5. Lissajous’s Illustration of Beats of Two Tuning-forks
§ 6. Interference of Waves from a Vibrating Disk. Hopkins’s and Lissajous’s Illustrations
§ 7. Quenching the Sound of one Prong of a Tuning-fork by that of the other
§ 1. The Facts of Musical Consonance
§ 2. The Theory of Musical Consonance. Pythagoras and Euler
§ 4. Sympathetic Vibration in Relation to the Human Ear
§ 5. Consonant Intervals in Relation to the Human Ear
§ 6. Graphic Representation of Consonance and Dissonance
