Читать книгу Textbook for the Veterinary Assistant - Lori Renda-Francis - Страница 32

The types and number of bones of the hindlimb can vary depending on the species. The information below refers to domestic animals such as dogs and cats.

The bones of the hindlimb consist of the pelvis, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsus, metatarsals, and phalanges.

The pelvis and the coccygeal vertebrae articulate with the sacrum. The acetabulum is the hip socket in which the head of the femur sits. The femur is the longest bone in the body and is located just distal to the pelvis. The stifle is the joint located between the femur and the tibia. The patella is a large flat bone that is located over the stifle joint. In humans, this is referred to as the knee cap. Just distal to the patella are the tibia and fibula. The tibia is the larger of the two bones and is considered the more weight‐bearing bone, and the fibula is a long, thinner bone.

Figure 3.9 Bones of the forelimb.

Source: Courtesy of Jennifer Smith, LVT.

The tarsus is located distal to the tibia and fibula and consists of numerous, irregularly shaped bones that are arranged in several rows. In humans, the tarsus is known as the ankle.

The metatarsals are the long bones found just distal to the tarsus. Similar to the metacarpals in the front leg, the metatarsals will vary among species. The most distal part of the rear limb are the phalanges. Phalanges are the bones of the digits (Figure 3.10).

Now that you are familiar with all the basic bones in the dog and cat and the basic directional terms, let’s put them into use. For practice, use the information you learned above to complete the activity below.

1 The skull is ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ to the pelvis. (cranial/caudal)

2 The femur is ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ to the tarsus. (distal/proximal)

3 The ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ is also known as the breastbone.

4 The ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐vertebrae are the vertebrae of the neck.

5 There are ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ lumbar vertebrae.

6 The ‐‐‐‐‐‐ is the long bone of the forelimb that extends from the shoulder to the elbow.

7 The ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ is just distal to the radius and ulna.

8 The ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ are the long bones found just distal to the tarsus.