Читать книгу Textbook for the Veterinary Assistant - Lori Renda-Francis - Страница 42

The canine urogenital system is a combination of the urinary and reproductive tracts. It includes the urinary and reproductive organs. The function is to provide reproduction and eliminate liquid wastes. The urogenital system is made up of the kidneys, bladder, ureters, and urethra along with the reproductive organs such as the testicles, penis, scrotum, uterus, ovaries, and vulva (Figure 3.20).

The kidneys are bean‐shaped structures designed to excrete urea, uric acid, and other wastes. The bladder is a small, balloon‐shaped structure that serves as a receptacle for fluid to be eliminated, and the urethra is the canal that carries the urine from the bladder. The urine enters the ureters, which are long tubes that funnel urine down into the bladder.

Figure 3.18 Internal organs.

Source: Courtesy of Jennifer Smith, LVT.

Figure 3.19 Gallbladder/liver.

Source: Courtesy of Jennifer Smith, LVT.

Figure 3.20 Urinary system.

Source: Courtesy of Jennifer Smith, LVT.

Figure 3.21 Female anatomy.

Source: Courtesy of Jennifer Smith, LVT.

The male genital anatomy is mostly located on the outside of the animal. The scrotum is the sac that contains the testicles, which are responsible for producing sperm. The penis is the male sex organ and is covered by the prepuce. The female genital anatomy consists of the ovaries and the uterus. There are two ovaries that are located caudal to the kidneys. There are two horns of the uterus. The external opening of the female genital passage is the vulva (Figure 3.21).