Читать книгу Applying Phonetics - Murray J. Munro - Страница 45

Consonant sounds are produced by obstructing the airflow through the vocal tract—either completely or partially. To describe consonants, phoneticians use three main dimensions:

1 Manner of articulation : the degree of the obstruction.

2 Place of articulation : the location of the obstruction.

3 Voicing : the state of the vocal folds (vibrating or not).

The first two relate specifically to ARTICULATION: the act of configuring vocal‐tract structures to manipulate airflow. The third, VOICING, has to do with PHONATION, which refers to the use of the vocal folds to generate sound.