Читать книгу Applying Phonetics - Murray J. Munro - Страница 62

A type of consonant that you have almost certainly heard of, but which does not occur in North American English, is the TRILL. The Spanish alveolar trill, symbolized /r/, is produced by rapid vibration of the tip of the tongue at the alveolar ridge. As noted earlier, some English speakers produce the English /ɹ/ sound as a retroflex alveolar liquid. For this articulation, the tongue apex is curled back, and the more precise IPA symbol is /ɻ/. Some major world languages use other retroflex consonants that entail a similar tongue gesture. Hindi, for instance, has several retroflex sounds, including the voiced and voiceless retroflex plosives /ʈ/ and /ɖ/.