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Table 4.4 gives the IPA symbols and keywords for 10 monophthongs used in North American English dialects. Notice, however, that many speakers in the United States and nearly all speakers in Canada use only nine of these. Speakers with the smaller inventory do not make a distinction between word pairs like cot–caught because their dialect does not have a monophthong /ɔ/ (called open‐o) in such words as caught, taught, and bought.