Читать книгу The Natural History of Pliny (Vol. 1-6) - Pliny the Elder - Страница 249
Оглавление1475 Seventy miles is the real length of Majorca, and the circumference is barely 250 miles.
1476 Still called Palma. This and Pollentia were Roman colonies settled by Metellus.
1477 Now Pollenza.
1478 Now Sineu on the Borga.
1479 The circumference is about 110 miles, the length 32.
1480 Now Ciudadela.
1481 Now Port Mahon. The site of Sanisera, which was probably more inland, is unknown.
1482 Now Cabrera. The distance is not twelve, but nine miles.
1483 Now called the Malgrates.
1484 Now Dragonera.
1485 Now El Torre.
1486 As already mentioned he seems to confound Formentera, which was called Ophiusa, with the present group of Columbrete, which islands were probably called Colubraria.
1487 The former editions mostly omit “nec”; and so make it that Ebusus does produce the rabbits. Certainly, it does seem more likely that he would mention that fact than the absence of it, which even to Pliny could not appear very remarkable.
1488 D’Anville thinks that this is Metapina, but D’Astruc thinks that the flat islands, called Les Tignes, are meant.
1489 Now called Brescon, near Agde, according to D’Anville.
1490 Who were of Greek origin, and so called them, because they stood in a row, στοῖχος.
1491 Now called Porqueroles. Prote signifies the first, Mese the middle one, and Hypæa the one below the others.
1492 Now Port Croz. D’Anville considers that Pliny is mistaken in identifying this island with Pomponiana or Pompeiana, which he considers to be the same with the peninsula now called Calle de Giens, which lies opposite to Porqueroles.
1493 Now called the Ile du Levant or du Titan. The group is called the Islands of Hières or Calypso.
1494 These are probably the little islands now known as Ratoneau, Pomègue, and If. It has however been suggested that these names belong to the islands of Hières already mentioned in the text, and that Sturium is the present Porquerolles, Phœnice Port-Croz, and Phila, Levant or Titan.
1495 Now Antibes, or Antiboul in the Provençal idiom.
1496 Now Saint Honorat de Lérins. The island of Lero is the present Sainte Marguerite de Lérins, and is nearer to Antibes than Lerina. The Lerinian monastery was much resorted to in the early ages of Christianity.
1497 In ancient Etruria, now Torre di Vada. The distance is, in reality, about ninety miles.
1498 Mariana was situate in the northern part of the island, and the ruins of Aleria are still to be seen on the banks of the river Tavignano, near the coast.
1499 Probably near the present Monte Cristo.
1500 He probably means the group of islands called Formicole, which are situate only thirty-three miles from Corsica, and not near sixty.
1501 Now La Gorgona.
1502 Both of these names meaning “Goat island.” It is now called Capraia.
1503 The modern Giglio.
1504 Now Gianuto, opposite Monte Argentaro on the main-land.
1505 These are probably the small islands now called Formiete or Formicole di Grossetto, Troja, Palmajola, and Cervoli.
1506 The modern Elba.
1507 Now Pianosa.
1508 Astura still retains its ancient name, Palmaria is the present Palmarola, Sinonia is now Senone, and Pontiæ is the modern Isola di Ponza.
1509 Now Ventotiene.
1510 Deriving its name from the Greek word προχυτὸς, meaning “poured forth.”
1511 The present island of Ischia, off the coasts of Campania. The name of Pithecusæ appears to have been given by the Greeks to the two islands of Ænaria and Prochyta collectively.
1512 Ovid, like many other writers, mentions Inarime as though a different island from Pithecusæ. See Met. B. xiv. l. 89. As is here mentioned by Pliny, many persons derived the name “Pithecusæ” from πίθηκος “an ape,” and, according to Strabo, “Aremus” was the Etrurian name for an ape. Ovid, in the Metamorphoses, loc. cit., confirms this tradition by relating the change of the natives into apes. The solution of its name given by Pliny appears however extremely probable, that it gained its name from its manufacture of πιθηκὰ, or earthen vessels. Virgil is supposed to have coined the name of “Inarime.”
1513 Now Posilippo. It is said to have derived its name from the Greek παυσίλυπον, as tending to drive away care by the beauty of its situation. Virgil was buried in its vicinity.
1514 The modern Castel del’ Ovo.
1515 Now Capri. Here Tiberius established his den of lustfulness and iniquity. He erected twelve villas in the island, the remains of several of which are still to be seen.
1516 The distance between is hardly five miles.
1517 These rocks appear at the present day to be nameless. The old name seems to mean, the “Rabbit Warrens.”
1518 Phintonis, according to Hardouin, is the modern Isola di Figo, according to Mannert, Caprera. Cluver makes Fossæ to be the present Isola Rossa, while Mannert considers it to be the same with Santa Maddalena.
1519 Ταφρὸς being the Greek for the Latin word “fossa,” the ordinary meaning of which is an “excavation.”
1520 Probably the Cape of Carbonara, from which however Africa is distant only 121 miles, and the gulf of Gades or Cadiz 980.
1521 Now Capo Falcone.
1522 Now Asinara or Zavara, and Isola Piana.
1523 Now called Santo Antiocho, off La Punta dell’ Ulga.
1524 According to Cluver, the modern Coltelalzo.
1525 The “Baths of Juno.” The identity of these islands does not appear to have been ascertained.
1526 Said by Pausanias to have been descended from persons who escaped on the fall of Troy under the command of Iolaüs.
1527 Of the town of Sulcis. Its ruins are probably those seen at the village of Sulci, near the port Palma di Solo.
1528 Their town was probably on the site of the present Iglesias.
1529 Their town was probably either the present Napoli or Acqua di Corsari.
1530 Their town is probably indicated by the ruins on the river Gavino.
1531 Their town was Caralis, the present Cagliari.
1532 Their town was probably Nora, the present Torre Forcadizo.
1533 “At Libyso’s Tower.”
1534 From the Greek ἴχνος, “a footstep.”
1535 Now La Licosa, a small rocky island.
1536 Now Torricella, Praca, and Brace, with other rocks.
1537 Posidonius, quoted by Strabo, says 550.
1538 Meaning that it comes from the Greek verb ῥηγνύμι, “to break.” This is probably only a fanciful origin of the name.
1539 The present Garofalo. At the present day small boats approach it without danger.
1540 In Chap. x. Pelorus is the modern Capo di Faro.
1541 Now Capo di Passaro.
1542 The present Capo di Boco Marsala.
1543 Now Cape Bon. The real distance is but seventy-eight miles.
1544 The following are more probably the correct distances: 150, 210, and 230 miles.
1545 Now Messina.
1546 The modern Capo di Santo Alessio.
1547 Now called Taormini; the remains of the ancient town are very considerable.
1548 Probably the present Alcantara.
1549 The present Madonia and Monte di Mele.
1550 Now called I Fariglioni.
1551 In modern times called “Lognina Statione,” according to Hardouin.
1552 The modern city of Catania stands on its site.
1553 The Fiume di Santo Leonardo, according to Hardouin, but Mannert says the river Lentini. Ansart suggests the Guarna Lunga.
1554 Now Lentini. The ruins of Megaris are still to be seen, according to Mannert.
1555 Now the Porcaro.
1556 The modern city of Siracosa.
1557 See B. xxxi. c. 30, for particulars of this fountain.
1558 According to Mirabella, these springs are in modern times called Fonte di Canali, Cefalino, Fontana della Maddalena, Fonte Ciane, and Lampismotta.
1559 The modern Fonte Bianche. The Elorus, according to Hardouin, is the modern Acellaro, according to Mannert, the Abisso.
1560 The southern side.
1561 Now the Maulo, or Fiume di Ragusa.
1562 Still called Camarina. Scarcely any vestiges of the ancient city now remain.
1563 According to Hardouin the Fiume Salso; but according to D’Anville and Mannert, the Fiume Ghiozzo.
1564 Now Girgenti. Gigantic remains of the ancient city are still to be seen.
1565 See note 1572 in this page.
1566 The Achates is the modern Belice, the Mazara retains its name, and the Hypsa is now the Marsala.
1567 So called by the Greeks from its abundant growth of parsley, called by them σέλινον. Its remains are still to be seen at the spot called Selenti.
1568 Now Trapani. Some vestiges of its ancient mole are to be seen.
1569 The present Monte San Juliano.
1570 The great city of Palermo stands on its site. It was founded by the Phœnicians.
1571 The modern Solunto.
1572 Himera was destroyed by the Carthaginians, B.C. 408, upon which its inhabitants founded Thermæ, so called from its hot springs. This was probably the colony of Thermæ mentioned above by Pliny, though wrongly placed by him on the southern coast between Selinus and Agrigentum. The modern town of Termini stands on the site of Thermæ; remains of its baths and aqueduct are still to be seen. Himera stood on a river of the same name, most probably the present Fiume Grande, and Fazello is of opinion that the town was situate on the site now occupied by the Torre di Bonfornello. Himera was the birth-place of the poet Stesichorus.
1573 Or Cæphalœdium. Some remains of it are to be seen at the spot called Cefalu.
1574 Probably on the site now occupied by the town of San Marco. Fazello and Cluver however place Aluntium near San Filadelfo, where some ruins were formerly visible, and regard San Marco as the site of Agathyrna or Agathyrnum.
1575 Probably situate near the church of Santa Maria at Tindari, now the Capo di Mongioio.
1576 Now called Melazzo.
1577 Their city was Centuripa, on a hill S.W. of Ætna. The modern Centorbi occupies its site, and some of its ruins may still be seen.
1578 Netum probably stood on the spot now known as Noto Anticho.
1579 The ruins of Segesta are supposed to be those near the river San Bartolomeo, twelve miles south of Alcamo.
1580 Asaro occupies its site.
1581 A people dwelling at the foot of Mount Ætna, according to D’Anville, at a place now called Nicolosi.
1582 The people of Agyrium; the site of which is now called San Filippo d’Argiro. Diodorus Siculus was a native of this place.
1583 Acræ occupied a bleak hill in the vicinity of the modern Pallazolo, where its ruins are still to be seen.
1584 Their town was Bidis near Syracuse. The modern Bibino or San Giovanni di Bidini is supposed to stand on its site.
1585 The people of Cetaria, between Panormus and Drepanum. Its site is unknown.
1586 The people of Cacyrum, supposed to have stood on the site of the modern Cassaro. The Drepanitani were so called from living on the promontory of Drepanum.
1587 The ruins near La Cittadella are probably those of Ergetium.
1588 The people of Echetla. According to Faziello and Cluver its ruins were those to be seen at the place called Occhiala or Occhula, two miles from the town of Gran Michele.
1589 The inhabitants of the city of Eryx, on the mountain of that name, now San Giuliano. The ancient city stood probably half-way down the mountain.
1590 The town of Entella survived till the thirteenth century, when it was destroyed by the Emperor Frederic II. The ruins were formerly to be seen near Poggio la Reale.
1591 Perhaps the people of Enna, once a famous city. According to the story as related by Ovid and Claudian, it was from this spot that Proserpine was carried off by Pluto. It stood on the same site as the town of Castro Giovanni. This note may however be more applicable to the Hennenses, mentioned below.
1592 The ruins of Enguinum are probably those in the vicinity of the modern town of Gangi.
1593 The people of Gela, one of the most important cities of Sicily. Its site was probably the modern Terranova, near the river Fiume di Terranova.
1594 The people probably of Galata or Galaria; on the site of which the modern village of Galata is supposed to stand.
1595 The people probably of Halesa; its ruins are supposed to be those near the village of Tysa, near the river Pettineo.
1596 The people of Hybla. There were three cities of this name in Sicily, the Greater, the Less, and Hybla Megara. The name was probably derived from the local divinity mentioned by Pausanias as being so called.
1597 The people of Herbita; the site of which was probably at Nicosia, or else at Sperlinga, two miles south of it.
1598 There were two places in Sicily known as Herbessus or Erbessus—one near Agrigentum, the other about sixteen miles from Syracuse, on the site, it is supposed, of the present Pantalica.
1599 The people of Halicyæ, in the west of Sicily. The modern town of Salemi is supposed to occupy its site.
1600 The people of Adranum or Hadranum, a town famous for its temple of the Sicilian deity Adranus. Its site is occupied by the modern town of Aderno. The ruins are very considerable.
1601 The people of Ietæ; the site of which town is said by Fazello to be the modern Iato. The sites of the places previously mentioned cannot be identified.
1602 The site of their town is situate at the modern Mistretta, where some ruins are still to be seen.
1603 The site of their town was probably the present village of Mandri Bianchi on the river Dittaino.
1604 Probably the people of Motuca, mentioned by Ptolemy, now Modica.
1605 Their town probably stood on the site of the present Mineo.
1606 It has been suggested that these are the same as the people of Tauromenium, said to have been a Naxian colony.
1607 They are supposed to have dwelt on the site of the present Noara.
1608 The ruins of the town of Petra are supposed to have been those to be seen near Castro Novo, according to Mannert.
1609 Fazello is of opinion that the present Colisano occupies the site of the ancient Paropus.
1610 The city of Phthinthias was peopled by the inhabitants of Gela, by command of Phthinthias the despot of Agrigentum. Its ruins are probably those seen in the vicinity of the modern Alicata.
1611 The people of Selinus previously mentioned in p. 218.
1612 Randazzo, at the foot of Ætna, is supposed to occupy the site of the ancient Tissa.
1613 The people of Triocala, now Troccoli, near Calata Bellota.
1614 Zancle was the ancient Greek name of Messina, which was so called from its similarity in shape to a sickle. The Messenian colony of the Zanclæi probably dwelt in its vicinity.
1615 Gaulos is the present Gozo, and Melita the important island of Malta. The distance here mentioned is in reality only sixty-one miles from Camerina.
1616 Now Pantellaria.
1617 The modern island of Maretimo.
1618 Probably the present island of Limosa.
1619 Galata still has the name of Calata, Lopadusa is the present Lampedosa, and Æthusa, according to Mannert, is called Favignana.
1620 Now Levanzo.
1621 According to Mannert, this is the island Alicur, to the west of the Æolian or Liparian islands. Ustica still retains its ancient name.
1622 The least distance between these localities is forty-five miles.
1623 There are now eleven, some of which are supposed to have risen from the sea since the time of Pliny.
1624 From Vulcan the god of fire, the Greek Hephæstus.
1625 Now called the Great Lipara.
1626 According to Solinus, c. vi., Æolus succeeded him. Its name Melogonis was by some ascribed to its great produce of honey.
1627 The shortest distance between these localities is forty-six miles.
1628 Now called Volcano.
1629 Now Strongoli and Stromboli. It is the only one of these mountains that is continually burning. Notwithstanding the dangers of their locality, this island is inhabited by about fifty families.
1630 Strabo makes the same mistake; the distance is twenty miles.
1631 According to Hardouin and D’Anville this is the modern Saline, but Mannert says Panaria. The geographers differ in assigning their ancient names to the other three, except that Euonymos, from its name, the “left-hand” island, is clearly the modern Lisca Bianca.
1632 These are the Gulf of Locri, the Gulf of Scyllacium, and the Gulf of Tarentum.
