Читать книгу Towards Understanding the Qur'an - Sayyid Abul A'la Mawdudi - Страница 201

Al-Nisa’ 4: 12

And to them belongs a fourth of what you leave behind, if you die childless; and if you have any child then to them belongs one eighth13 of what you have left behind, after the payment of the bequest you might have made or any debts outstanding against you.

And if the man or woman (whose inheritance is to be distributed) has no heir in the direct line, but has a brother or sister, then each of these shall inherit one-sixth; but if their number is more than that then all of them shall be entitled to one- third of the inheritance,14 after the payment of the bequest that might have been made or any debts outstanding against the deceased, providing that the bequest causes no injury.15 ▶

13 Whether a man has one wife or several wives the share of the wife/wives is one-eighth of the inheritance when the deceased has any issue, and one-fourth when he has no issue. The share of the wives, whether one-fourth or one-eighth, will be distributed equally among them.

14 Qur’anic commentators are agreed that the sisters and brothers mentioned here mean half-brothers and half-sisters, i.e. those who have kinship with the deceased on the mother’s side. Injunctions affecting full brothers and sisters, and half-brothers and half-sisters on the father’s side are mentioned towards the end of the present surah. (See verse 176 below. Ed.)

15 Bequests which cause injury are those that entail depriving the deserving kins of their legitimate rights. Similarly, the debt which causes injury is the fake debt which one falsely admits to owing, or any other device to which one resorts merely to deprive the rightful heirs of their shares in inheritance.

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