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A. Those which specially irritate the part to which they are applied.

1. Acids.

2. Caustic alkalies.

3. Caustic salts, especially those of the heavy metals.

4. Locally irritating organic substances which neither can be classified as corrosive acids nor alkalies, nor as corrosive salts; such are:—cantharidine, phrynine, and others in the animal kingdom, croton oil and savin in the vegetable kingdom. Locally irritating colours, such as the aniline dyes.

5. Gases and vapours which cause local irritation when breathed, such as ammonia, chlorine, iodine, bromine, and sulphur dioxide.

B. Those which have but little effect locally, but change anatomically other parts of the body; such as lead, phosphorus, and others.