| 164. | Toxicological Detection, | 140 |
| | 2. Amylic Alcohol. | |
| 165. | Properties of Amylic Alcohol, | 140 |
| 166. | Experiments as to the Effect on Animals of Amylic Alcohol, | 140, 141 |
| 167. | Detection and Estimation of Amylic Alcohol, | 141 |
| 168. | Amyl Nitrite—Properties—Symptoms—Post-mortem Appearances, | 141 |
| | IV. ETHER. | |
| 169. | Properties of Ethylic Ether, | 141, 142 |
| 170. | Ether as a Poison, | 142 |
| 171. | Fatal Dose, | 142 |
| 172. | Ether as an Anæsthetic, | 142, 143 |
| 173. | Separation of Ether from Organic Fluids, &c., | 143 |
| | V. CHLOROFORM. | |
| 174. | Discovery of Chloroform—Properties, Adulterations, and Methods for Detecting them, | 143-145 |
| 175. | Methods of Manufacturing Chloroform, | 145, 146 |
| | Poisonous Effects of Chloroform. | |
| | 1. As a Liquid. | |
| 176. | Statistics, | 146 |
| 177. | Local Action, | 146 |
| 178. | Action on Blood, Muscle, and Nerve-Tissue, | 146 |
| 179. | General Effects of Liquid Chloroform—Illustrative Cases, | 146, 147 |
| 180. | Fatal Dose, | 147 |
| 181. | Symptoms, | 148 |
| 182. | Post-mortem Appearances, | 148 |
| | 2. The Vapour of Chloroform. | |
| 183. | Statistics of Deaths through Chloroform—Anæsthesia, | 148, 149 |
| 184. | Suicidal and Criminal Poisoning—Illustrative Cases, | 149, 150 |
| 185. | Physiological Effects, | 150 |
| 186. | Symptoms witnessed in Death from Chloroform Vapour, | 150, 151 |
| 187. | Chronic Chloroform Poisoning—Mental Effects from Use of Chloroform, | 151, 152 |
| 188. | Post-mortem Appearances, | 152 |
| 189. | The Detection and Estimation of Chloroform—Various Tests, | 152, 153 |
| 190. | Quantitative Estimation, | 153 |
| | VI. OTHER ANÆSTHETICS. | |
| 191. | Methyl Chloride—Methene Dichloride, &c., | 154 |
| 192. | Pentane, | 154 |
| 193. | Aldehyde, | 154 |
| 194. | Paraldehyde, | 154 |
| | VII. CHLORAL. | |
| 195. | Chloral Hydrate; its Composition and Properties, | 154, 155 |
| 196. | Detection, | 155 |
| 197. | Quantitative Estimation of Chloral Hydrate, | 155, 156 |
| 198. | Effects of Chloral Hydrate on Animals—Depression of Temperature—Influence on the Secretion of Milk, &c., | 156, 157 |
| 199. | Action upon the Blood, | 157 |
| 200. | Effects on Man, | 157, 158 |
| 201. | Fatal Dose, | 158, 159 |
| 202. | Symptoms, | 159 |
| 203. | Action of Chloral upon the Brain, | 159 |
| 204. | Treatment of Acute Chloral Poisoning, | 160 |
| 205. | Chronic Poisoning by Chloral Hydrate, | 160, 161 |
| 206. | Manner in which Chloral is Decomposed in, and Excreted from, the Body, | 161, 162 |
| 207. | Separation from Organic Matters—Tests for Chloral, | 162, 163 |
| | VIII. BISULPHIDE OF CARBON. | |
| 208. | Properties of Bisulphide of Carbon, | 163 |
| 209. | Poisoning by Bisulphide of Carbon, | 163 |
| 210. | Action on Animals, | 163, 164 |
| 211. | Chronic Poisoning by Bisulphide of Carbon—Effects on the Brain, &c., | 164, 165 |
| 212. | Post-mortem Appearances, | 165 |
| 213. | Separation and Detection of Carbon Bisulphide—Tests, | 165 |
| 214. | Xanthogenic Acid, | 165 |
| 215. | Potassic Xanthogenate, | 165 |
| | IX. THE TAR ACIDS—PHENOL—CRESOL. | |
| 216. | Properties and Sources of Carbolic Acid, | 165, 166 |
| 217. | Different Forms of Carbolic Acid—Calvert’s Carbolic Acid Powder—Carbolic Acid Soaps, | 166, 167 |
| 218. | Uses of Carbolic Acid, | 167 |
| 219. | Statistics Relative to Poisoning by Carbolic Acid, | 167-169 |
| 220. | Fatal Dose, | 169 |
| 221. | Effects on Animals—Infusoria—Fish—Frogs, | 169, 170 |
| 222. | Effects on Warm-Blooded Animals, | 170 |
| 223. | Symptoms Produced in Man—External Application—Action on the Skin—Effects of the Vapour—Use of Carbolic Acid Lotions—Injections, &c.—Illustrative Cases, | 170-172 |
| 224. | Internal Administration—Illustrative Cases, | 173 |
| 225. | General Review of the Symptoms induced by Carbolic Acid, | 173, 174 |
| 226. | Changes Produced in the Urine by Carbolic Acid, | 174, 175 |
| 227. | The Action of Carbolic Acid considered Physiologically, | 175, 176 |
| 228. | Forms under which Carbolic Acid is Excreted, | 176 |
| 229. | Post-mortem Appearances, | 176, 177 |
| | Tests for Carbolic Acid. | |
| 230. | (1) The Pine-Wood Test—(2) Ammonia and Hypochlorite Test—(3) Ferric Chloride—(4) Bromine, | 177, 178 |
| 231. | Quantitative Estimation of Carbolic Acid, | 178, 179 |
| 232. | Properties of Cresol, and Tests for Distinguishing Cresol and Carbolic Acid, | 179 |
| 233. | Properties of Creasote—Tests, | 179, 180 |
| 234. | Separation of Carbolic Acid from Organic Fluids or Tissues, | 180, 181 |
| 235. | Examination of the Urine for Phenol or Cresol, | 181 |
| 236. | Assay of Disinfectants, Carbolic Acid Powders—E. Waller’s Process—Koppeschaar’s Volumetric Method—Colorimetric Method of Estimation, | 181-183 |
| 237. | Carbolic Acid Powders, | 183 |
| 238. | Carbolic Acid Soaps, | 183 |
| | X. NITRO-BENZENE. | |
| 239. | Properties and Varieties, | 183, 184 |
| 240. | Effects of Poisoning by Nitro-Benzene, | 184 |
| 241. | Illustrative Cases of Poisoning by Nitro-Benzene Vapour, | 184, 185 |
| 242. | Effects Produced by taking Liquid Nitro-Benzene, | 185, 186 |
| 243. | Fatal Dose, | 186, 187 |
| 244. | Pathological Appearances, | 187 |
| 245. | The Essential Action of Nitro-Benzene, | 187, 188 |
| 246. | Detection and Separation from the Animal Tissues, | 188 |
| | XI. DINITRO-BENZOL. | |
| 247. | Properties of Ortho-, Meta-, and Para-Dinitro-Benzol, | 189 |
| 248. | Effects of Dinitro-Benzol, | 189, 190 |
| 249. | The Blood in Nitro-Benzol Poisoning, | 191 |
| 250. | Detection of Dinitro-Benzol, | 192 |
| | XII. HYDROCYANIC ACID. | |
| 251. | Properties of Hydrocyanic Acid, | 192 |
| 252. | Medicinal Preparations of Prussic Acid—Various Strengths of the Commercial Acid, | 192, 193 |
| 253. | Poisoning by Prussic Acid—Uses in the Arts—Distribution in the Vegetable Kingdom, | 193-195 |
| 254. | Composition and Varieties of Amygdalin, | 195 |
| 255. | Statistics of Poisoning by Prussic Acid, | 195-197 |
| 256. | Accidental and Criminal Poisoning, | 197, 198 |
| 257. | Fatal Dose, | 198 |
| 258. | Action of Hydric and Potassic Cyanides on Living Organisms, | 198, 199 |
| 259. | Symptoms observed in Animals, | 199, 200 |
| 260. | Length of Interval between taking the Poison and Death in Animals, | 200, 201 |
| 261. | Symptoms in Man, | 201, 202 |
| 262. | Possible Acts after taking the Poison—Nunneley’s Experiments, | 202, 203 |
| 263. | Chronic Poisoning by Hydric Cyanide, | 203 |
| 264. | Post-mortem Appearances, | 203, 204 |
| 265. | Tests for Hydrocyanic Acid and Cyanide of Potassium—Schönbein’s Test—Kobert’s Test, | 204-206 |
| 266. | Separation of Hydric Cyanide or Potassic Cyanide from Organic Matters—N. Sokoloff’s Experiments, | 206-208 |
| 267. | How long after Death can Hydric or Potassic Cyanide be Detected? | 208, 209 |
| 268. | Estimation of Hydrocyanic Acid or Potassic Cyanide, | 209 |
| 269. | Case of Poisoning by Bitter Almonds, | 209, 210 |
| | Poisonous Cyanides other than Hydric and Potassic Cyanides. | |
| 270. | General Action of the Alkaline Cyanides—Experiments with Ammonic Cyanide Vapour, | 210 |
| 271. | The Poisonous Action of several Metallic and Double Cyanides—The Effects of Mercuric and Silver Cyanides; of Potassic and Hydric Sulphocyanides; of Cyanogen Chloride; of Methyl Cyanide, and of Cyanuric Acid, | 210, 211 |
| | XIII. PHOSPHORUS. | |
| 272. | Properties of Phosphorus—Solubility—Effects of Heat on Phosphorus, | 212, 213 |
| 273. | Phosphuretted Hydrogen—Phosphine, | 213 |
| 274. | The Medicinal Preparations of Phosphorus, | 213 |
| 275. | Matches and Vermin Paste, | 213-215 |
| 276. | Statistics of Phosphorus Poisoning, | 215, 216 |
| 277. | Fatal Dose, | 216 |
| 278. | Effects of Phosphorus, | 217 |
| 279. | Different Forms of Phosphorus Poisoning, | 217, 218 |
| 280. | Common Form, | 218, 219 |
| 281. | Hæmorrhagic Form, | 219 |
| 282. | Nervous Form, | 219 |
| 283. | Sequelæ, | 219, 220 |
| 284. | Period at which the First Symptoms commence, | 220 |
| 285. | Period of Death, | 220 |
| 286. | Effects of Phosphorus Vapour—Experiments on Rabbits, | 220, 221 |
| 287. | Effects of Chronic Phosphorus Poisoning, | 221, 222 |
| 288. | Changes in the Urinary Secretion, | 222 |
| 289. | Changes in the Blood, | 222, 223 |
| 290. | Antidote—Treatment by Turpentine, | 223 |
| 291. | Poisonous Effects of Phosphine, | 223, 224 |
| 292. | Coefficient of Solubility of Phosphine in Blood compared with Pure Water, | 224 |
| 293. | Post-mortem Appearances—Effects on the Liver, | 224-228 |
| 294. | Pathological Changes in the Kidneys, Lungs, and Nervous System, | 228 |
| 295. | Diagnostic Differences between Acute Yellow Atrophy of the Liver and Fatty Liver produced by Phosphorus, | 228, 229 |
| 296. | Detection of Phosphorus—Mitscherlich’s Process—The Production of Phosphine—Tests Dependent on the Combustion of Phosphine, | 229-232 |
| 297. | The Spectrum of Phosphine—Lipowitz’s Sulphur Test—Scherer’s Test, | 232, 233 |
| 298. | Chemical Examination of the Urine, | 233, 234 |
| 299. | Quantitative Estimation of Phosphorus, | 234 |
| 300. | How long can Phosphorus be recognised after Death? | 234, 235 |
| |
| | PART VI.—ALKALOIDS AND POISONOUS VEGETABLE PRINCIPLES SEPARATED FOR THE MOST PART BY ALCOHOLIC SOLVENTS. | |
| | Division I.—Vegetable Alkaloids. | |
| | I. GENERAL METHOD OF TESTING AND EXTRACTING ALKALOIDS. | |
| 301. | General Tests for Alkaloids, | 236 |
| 302. | Group-Reagents, | 236, 237 |
| 303. | Phosphomolybdic, Silico-Tungstic, and Phospho-Tungstic Acids as Alkaloidal Reagents, | 237-239 |
| 304. | Schulze’s Reagent, | 239 |
| 305. | Dragendorff’s Reagent, | 239 |
| 306. | Colour Tests, | 239 |
| 307. | Stas’s Process, | 239 |
| | Methods of Separation. | |
| 308. | Selmi’s Process for Separating Alkaloids, | 240, 241 |
| 309. | Dragendorff’s Process, | 241-254 |
| 310. | Shorter Process for Separating some of the Alkaloids, | 254, 255 |
| 311. | Scheibler’s Process for Alkaloids, | 255 |
| 312. | Grandval and Lajoux’s Method, | 255, 256 |
| 313. | Identification of the Alkaloids, | 256 |
| 314. | Sublimation of the Alkaloids, | 256-261 |
| 315. | Melting-point, | 261 |
| 316. | Identification by Organic Analysis, | 261, 262 |
| 317. | Quantitative Estimation of the Alkaloids—Mayer’s Reagent—Compound of the Alkaloids with Chlorides of Gold and Platinum, | 262-264 |
| | II. LIQUID VOLATILE ALKALOIDS. | |
| | 1. The Alkaloids of Hemlock (Conium). | |
| 318. | Botanical Description of Hemlock, | 264 |
| 319. | Properties of Coniine—Tests, | 264-266 |
| 320. | Other Coniine Bases, | 266 |
| 321. | Pharmaceutical Preparations of Hemlock, | 266, 267 |
| 322. | Statistics of Coniine Poisoning, | 267 |
| 323. | Effects of Coniine on Animals, | 267, 268 |
| 324. | Effects of Coniine on Man, | 268 |
| 325. | Physiological Action of Coniine, | 268 |
| 326. | Post-mortem Appearances—Fatal Dose, | 268, 269 |
| 327. | Separation of Coniine from Organic Matters or Tissues, | 269 |
| | 2. Tobacco—Nicotine. | |
| 328. | General Composition of Tobacco, | 269, 270 |
| 329. | Quantitative Estimation of Nicotine in Tobacco, | 270, 271 |
| 330. | Nicotine; its Properties and Tests, | 271-273 |
| 331. | Effects of Nicotine on Animals, | 273, 274 |
| 332. | Effects of Nicotine on Man, | 274, 275 |
| 333. | Some Instances of Poisoning by Tobacco and Tobacco Juice, | 275-277 |
| 334. | Physiological Action of Nicotine, | 277, 278 |
| 335. | Fatal Dose, | 278 |
| 336. | Post-mortem Appearances, | 278 |
