Читать книгу The Concise Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics - Carol A. Chapelle - Страница 240

It has been reported repeatedly that highly dominant bilinguals (e.g., members of a minority group who rarely use the majority language, bilingual children who are strongly dominant in one language, second language learners who use their new language, etc.) do more language mixing when speaking their weaker language than they do when using their stronger language (Lanza, 1992; Genesee, Nicoladis, & Paradis, 1995). They do not seem to be able to control language mode when speaking their weaker language in the way less dominant, or balanced, bilinguals can. They attempt to deactivate their stronger language in a monolingual environment that requires the weaker language, but the latter may simply not be developed enough to allow them to stay in a monolingual mode. Hence, their stronger language is activated and it is used to help them out (see Grosjean, 2008).

Caixeta 2003 studied this experimentally with two groups of Brazilian Portuguese–French bilinguals, one advanced and one intermediate in their knowledge of French. They were tested individually, in French, on a number of tasks by two experimenters, a French monolingual and a French–Portuguese bilingual. Caixeta found that the participants who had an intermediary level of French produced a greater percentage of guest elements than the advanced‐level participants.