Читать книгу Anxiety Toolbox: The Complete Fear-Free Plan - Gloria Thomas - Страница 8
ОглавлениеAnxiety is a state of mind that we all experience from time to time. I’m sure every one of you can remember having feelings of nervousness and tension in your body at some point in your life – think back, for instance, to your first day at school, your first date or your last vital job interview.
Anxiety is a symptom, a response to a potentially challenging or threatening experience. When the threat is not acute, and we have time to contemplate it, worry and nervousness create anxiety. Anxiety is closely linked to fear, a primary emotion that helps us deal with danger. In an acute emergency we experience fear, and that fear triggers an automatic response in the body that prepares us to stand and fight or head for the hills. However, this natural instinct – which undoubtedly was of great use to our ancient ancestors – is not always useful in today’s society, when threats are more often psychological than physical. This means that our bodies prepare us for a physical emergency that rarely occurs.
The only thing we have to fear is fear itself
FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT
Anxiety Can Be Positive
It is important to recognize that some degree of anxiety is unavoidable and indeed can be useful in the short term. It is the body’s way of saying ‘do this right’ or ‘pay attention’. In potentially dangerous situations, a lack of anxiety could have disastrous consequences. Imagine walking across the road in the face of oncoming traffic without feeling any anxiety at all. Anxiety ensures that we pay attention to what is important. It is what spurs us on to be more vigilant so that we are prepared for life.
Anxiety can also be a positive experience. Think of a challenge that you have looked forward to in great anticipation – I’ll bet you felt some degree of anxiety. You may have called these feelings either butterflies in your tummy or nervous excitement but, either way, they are normal and natural expressions of anxiety – and such feelings can help you to excel.
ANXIETY ENSURES THAT WE PAY ATTENTION TO WHAT IS IMPORTANT
The Anxious Society
Living in today’s world can be a bit of an emotional roller coaster and the sort of positive stress that can stimulate and motivate can often be overridden by negative anxiety. The pressures of living in modern society mean our lives are fraught with negative anxiety. Mental distress has now become very common – to the extent that anxiety has been sighted as the most common psychological condition in the UK and US.
There is no doubt that the pace of life these days can be fast and furious. We live in a society that focuses on human ‘doing’ rather than the human ‘being’. We find ourselves on the go all the time and for many of us it’s very much the norm to experience ongoing feelings of worry and anxiety as we face the challenges of daily living.
We have so much choice and freedom in so many ways yet we seem unable to exercise that choice in a way that is good for us. We may be wealthier in terms of material possessions – such as nice homes, cars and computers – but we have little time to truly enjoy that wealth because we constantly strive for greater goals and never seem to be totally satisfied with what we have. We have indoctrinated ourselves to live at a pace that falls in with societal expectation. This can bring about anxiety in many different forms. We may be juggling a career with bringing up a family and feel that we must be great at our job, have perfect kids, a good marriage, great social life, great clothes, a good figure…With such expectations, it’s hardly surprising we feel anxious! We live by the rules of ‘should do’, ‘have to’, ‘must do’ and seem unable to acknowledge that our anxiety levels are directly affected by how we live our lives.
This sort of pressurized existence, where we are all striving for ongoing individual goals, has also meant that we communicate less with each other. With this comes greater selfishness and intolerance in relationships and increased confusion between the sexes. This adds yet another layer to our anxiety levels.
There are also indirect factors that compound the problem. We are heavily influenced by the media, which constantly portrays the world as a scary place to live – just think of all the headlines about rising crime rates, child abductions, acts of terrorism, war and famine. We are also a society that tends to focus on what does not work, rather than what does work, so it’s easy to become hypnotized on a daily basis by the negativity around us. This isn’t just bad for our mental health – when anxiety levels rise inordinately it can have a toxic effect on both body and mind.
Worry
Worry is at the very heart of anxiety and is one of its biggest contributors. Anxious feelings often come from worrisome, automatic thoughts combined with the physiological responses that such thoughts cause. Obviously, having the odd worrisome thought is perfectly natural. However, ongoing or intense worry that is repetitive in nature can have a detrimental effect both mentally and physically. When feelings of worry escalate and everything in life is seen as a potential catastrophe, this will start to sabotage an individual’s performance in many areas of life.
If you are continuously finding yourself fearful – you are constantly irritable with an ongoing feeling of life being out of control – then you need to begin addressing your anxiety levels. If you don’t, constant worrying will increasingly interfere with your life.
WORRY AND ANXIETY CAN STOP YOU ACHIEVING THE LIFE THAT YOU WANT
Individual Attitudes
Given what I have said about the pressures of modern-day living, you could be forgiven for coming to the conclusion that anxiety is a natural response to the society that we live in. However, your levels of anxiety are very much dependant upon you and how you live your life. The way you perceive and interpret events in your life has a profound effect on your state of mind.
Your anxiety levels are determined to a great extent by the beliefs and assumptions that you have about yourself and the world around you.
Those beliefs influence how you respond and deal with threats and challenges and hence how anxious you become.
Some people seem to ‘wear’ an underlying state of anxiety every day. For others, certain triggers will create anxiety. For others still, anxiety can come about for no reason at all. Your attitude is crucial to how you deal with situations. If you have an optimistic outlook on life, you have empowering beliefs and you deal with situations in a positive way then you are likely to experience less anxiety on the whole. If, in contrast, you have a pessimistic outlook, with limiting beliefs and negative assumptions, then you are more likely to experience anxiety.
Age and Anxiety
Anxiety knows no boundaries and can affect anyone, irrespective of age. Many anxious states are rooted in childhood experiences, particularly some of the more serious ones, but anxiety can manifest at any time or can be related to whatever stage an individual is at in his or her life.
Teenagers, for example, commonly have anxieties about their self-image, exams or early relationships. When we reach our twenties and thirties, anxieties about career aspirations, marriage and parenthood can manifest. Our forties and fifties can also be particularly trying, as this time of transition invariably brings anxieties about getting older and all that this entails. When we reach our sixties and seventies, we worry about the challenges of retirement and our vulnerability in terms of health, security and mortality. In addition, throughout our adult lives, most of us are also subject to financial worries, together with anxieties concerning our children and parents.
Now, whilst all this may have just depressed you, it shouldn’t. Instead it should emphasize how important it is to develop a healthy attitude to the unavoidable stresses of life. As I’ve said before, if you deal with situations in a positive way then you are likely to experience less anxiety.
Specific Anxieties
Individuals experience anxiety in different ways, at different levels and in response to a wide variety of stressors. For example, some people appear to have an anxiety about life in general and view most things, no matter how insignificant, as a potential source of anxiety. For others, the source of anxiety may be more precise – for instance, social situations, their health or a trauma that they have suffered. When we come to very specific sources of fear, the list can be endless – spiders, injections, heights, the dentist…
The point is that our anxiety, and the extent to which it affects our lives, is very individual, therefore it pays to tackle it in a specific way. (In chapter two, we examine the various types of anxieties in detail.)
Anxiety Disorders
An anxiety becomes a disorder when it is consistent, intense and debilitating, to the extent that it disrupts your life. If you have an anxiety disorder, it is likely that you closely associate an experience or an object with danger and fear, and fixate on it. For many, that possibility of danger is exaggerated out of all proportion to the actual threat. As well as having psychological roots, anxiety disorders can also be caused and exacerbated by physical and energy imbalances in the body (we will look at this in more detail in chapter three). The result is anxiety and behavioural responses related to that anxiety.
When anxiety reaches the stage of becoming a disorder, fear can keep the body in a constant state of emergency, causing abnormal physiological functioning and malaise in both mind and body. So how do you know if you may have an anxiety disorder? The following symptoms are common (though by no means offer a definitive diagnosis):
Ongoing sleeping problems or feelings of exhaustion and fatigue
Consistent over-worrying that seems to wear you down
Ongoing difficulty in concentrating, and becoming increasingly forgetful
Feeling continuously tearful or panicky
Ongoing feelings of intense anxiety that won’t go away, no matter how hard you try
You may also experience ‘somatic’ symptoms such as headaches, breathlessness, rapid heartbeat, holding of the breath or even physical complaints such as skin disorders or irritable bowel.
We will look at the effects of anxiety in more detail in chapter 3, but for now suffice it to say that the growing prevalence of anxiety is undoubtedly having a knock-on effect on our health in general – it is estimated, for example, that around 70 per cent of people who turn up at their doctor’s surgery are suffering from stress and anxiety.
Anxiety can manifest in many forms – phobias, panic attacks, general anxiety, health anxieties, body anxieties, obsession and compulsions, and depression. In the next chapter, we will begin to explore the different types of anxiety that people typically suffer from.
