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 The ability to ventilate a patient using a bag and mask is by far the most important skill for any airway provider to master. The inability to intubate the trachea is not fatal if mask ventilation is possible, making it a vital component of the ASA difficult airway algorithm.

 Relative contraindications to mask ventilation are full stomach/regurgitation risk, severe facial trauma, and unstable cervical spine fractures.

 Mask ventilation is performed with the provider holding the mask in his or her left hand with the mask over the patient’s nose and mouth with the third, fourth, and fifth digits holding the mandible and lifting the face into the mask while the thumb and index finger form a ‘C’ shape around the collar aspect of the mask near the connection to the circuit. As the bag is squeezed one should note chest rise and condensation in the mask, and should hear no air escape which would indicate a leak due to an inadequate seal. Care should be used not to compress the submandibular tissue as this can collapse the airway and make ventilation more difficult.

 If mask ventilation proves difficult, one can employ a two‐handed technique in which one provider holds the mask in both hands with their thumbs on top of the mask and remaining digits on the mandible lifting the face into the mask while an assistant squeezes the bag. Oral and nasal airways can also be useful as they pull the tongue and epiglottis away from the posterior wall of the pharynx, allowing more airflow.