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 Transducer (probe): sends out US waves that pass through tissue; also senses sound waves reflected back to transducer.

 Structures closest to transducer are displayed at top of US screen in ‘near field.’

 All probes have an ‘indicator’ (typically a bump or groove) on one side of the transducer that corresponds to an index marker on the US screen. Types of probes: see Figure 4.1 and Table 4.2.

 General radiology convention is to position the screen index marker on left side of screen, and ‘point’ the probe indicator to patient’s right side or head. This means images on left side of screen correspond to structures on patient’s right side or toward patient’s head, respectively.

 Cardiologists use an opposite convention (discussed in more depth in Procedure section).

 It is critical to confirm your probe orientation with gel prior to any US exam or procedure. Relative to you, with the probe placed just above the intended point of contact, tapping under the right side of the probe should result in movement on the right side of the ultrasound screen. If movement occurs on the left side of the screen, rotate the probe 180°.