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 Position probe over rib interspace so rib shadows are on each side of US screen.

 Identify following normal lung findings (Figure 4.5 and Video 4.1):Pleural line: shimmering echogenic line at top of screen.Lung sliding: periodic movement of pleural line; represents movement of visceral and parietal pleura relative to chest wall.A‐lines: repetitive horizontal artifact resulting from reverberation of US waves between skin and pleural surface; space between A‐lines equal to distance between probe head (on skin surface) and pleural line.Seashore sign: graphical visualization of lung sliding in M‐mode; often described as ‘waves on a sandy beach’ (waves represent motionless chest wall, sandy beach represents air‐filled lung).B‐lines: vertical artifact arising from pleural surface; appears like laser beam that effaces A‐lines and projects to bottom of screen. Usually do not see B‐lines anteriorly; may see a few (1–3) posteriorly in dependent regions in normal scans.

 Slide probe vertically down chest wall to examine adjacent interspaces.

 Repeat this process in systematic fashion along anterior, lateral, and posterior chest wall.