Читать книгу Biosurfactants for a Sustainable Future - Группа авторов - Страница 60

1  4.1 Introduction

2  4.2 Concept of Surfactant and Biosurfactant for Heavy Metal Remediation

3  4.3 Mechanisms of Biosurfactant–Metal Interactions

4  4.4 Substrates Used for Biosurfactant Production 4.4.1 Biosurfactants of Bacterial Origin 4.4.2 Biosurfactanats of Fungal Origin

5  4.5 Classification of Biosurfactants

6  4.6 Types of Biosurfactants 4.6.1 Glycolipids 4.6.2 Rhamnolipids 4.6.3 Sophorolipids 4.6.4 Trehalolipids 4.6.5 Surfactin 4.6.6 Lipopeptides and Lipoproteins 4.6.7 Fatty Acids, Phospholipids, and Neutral Lipids 4.6.8 Polymeric Biosurfactant 4.6.9 Particulate Biosurfactants

7  4.7 Factors Influencing Biosurfactants Production 4.7.1 Environmental Factors 4.7.2 Carbon and Nitrogen Sources for Biosurfactant Production

8  4.8 Strategies for Commercial Biosurfactant Production 4.8.1 Raw Material: Low Cost from Renewable Resources 4.8.2 Production Process: Engineered for Low Capital and Operating Costs 4.8.3 Improved Bioprocess Engineering 4.8.4 Strain Improvement: Engineered for Higher Yield 4.8.5 Enzymatic Synthesis of Biosurfactants

9  4.9 Application of Biosurfactant for Heavy Metal Remediation

10  4.10 Bioeconomics of Metal Remediation Using Biosurfactants

11  4.11 Conclusion

12  References