Читать книгу Cosmeceuticals - Группа авторов - Страница 14

The first major approach to overcome the skin barrier is the use of chemical delivery systems such as chemical penetration enhancers (CPEs), emulsions, vesicular lipid-based systems, and lipid particulate carrier systems. A second approach is to use physical enhancement methods in which an external driving force is used to permeate the active ingredient(s). Such methods include sonophoresis (ultrasound), electroporation, magnetophoresis, micro-needles, thermal ablation, micro-dermabrasion, and iontophoresis [2, 4, 8–11]. Furthermore, ablative, nonablative, and fractional lasers have shown efficacy as means to increase the cutaneous permeation of cosmeceuticals [4]. Both of the aforementioned approaches, chemical and physical, have shown successful delivery for a variety of cosmeceuticals. This article will focus on the chemical delivery systems.