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GPIs are classified as effluent discharging industries into a waterway and (i) handling hazardous substances, (ii) effluent with a BOD load of 100 kg per day or more, or (iii) a combination of (i) and (ii) according to the CPCB Annual Report (2004–2009).

According to the latest data from 36 states/UTs obtained by the CPCB, 2743 industries have been listed as GPIs for routine monitoring by CPCB/SPCBs/PCCs. Of those, 2497 units are still in service and 246 units have been closed by themselves. Of the operating units, it is stated that 2222 units comply with environmental standards. There has been a 136% increase in the number of GPIs. In 2011, only 22 states/UTs were covered to identify industries, whereas, in 2019, the data received belonged to 36 states, this implies that there has been increased industrialization/development over this time in India. Also, compliance status (based on discharge limit parameters and the validity of consent letters) increased to 89% in 2018 – it was only 79.8% in 2011 (Groundwater Year Book – India 2018–2019).