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The term emotional intelligence was popularized by Daniel Goleman, a Harvard‐educated PhD in psychology, in his best seller, Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ, which expanded on the work of the world‐renowned educational psychologists, Howard Gardner, Robert Sternberg and others.

Gardner, Sternberg, and others questioned accepted definitions of intelligence and began to look beyond a number or intelligence quotient (IQ). After exploring the topic thoroughly, they realized that what IQ tests measured was only a person’s ability to take an IQ test and was not the enormously complex construct that had been referred to in the past as “intelligence.”

While Howard Gardner broadly defined intelligence as “the ability to solve problems or to create products that are valued within one or more cultural settings,” in his influential book, Frames of Mind, The Theory of Multiple Intelligences, he identified seven facets of intelligence. These are linguistic, logical‐mathematical, musical, bodily‐kinesthetic, spatial, interpersonal, and intrapersonal. In his book, Intelligence Reframed: Multiple Intelligences for the 21st Century, he added three more facets of intelligence: naturalist, spiritual, and existential.

Daniel Goleman concentrated his research on the importance of the personal intelligences, which he labeled emotional intelligence. Beginning in Emotional Intelligence, published in 1995, and in three subsequent books, Working With Emotional Intelligence, Primal Leadership: Realizing the Power of Emotional Intelligence, and Social Intelligence Goleman has continued to refine and simplify his construct of emotional intelligence (referred to as EQ, emotional quotient) and social intelligence. In Working With Emotional Intelligence, Goleman defined emotional intelligence as the “capacity for recognizing our own feelings and those of others, for motivating ourselves, and for managing emotions well in ourselves and in our relationships.”¹ His book, Primal Leadership, lays out an expanded definition that includes four dimensions of EQ, as defined in Exhibit 5.1 below: