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 Enteral formulas are premixed solutions with a fixed ratio of non‐protein calories to protein. They are designed to provide an energy density of 1–1.5 kcal/mL of solution. The total volume of feed over 24 hours is calculated by dividing the calories required (25 kcal/kg/day) by the energy density of the feeding.

 The protein component in formulary feeds can be either whole protein (soy/casein), peptides, or elemental amino acids depending on the patient’s ability to digest and absorp protein.

 The use of supplements such as arginine, glutamine, antioxidants, and omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids has been studied with the aim of reducing inflammation and modulating immune response. While animal and in vitro studies have been promising, there is currently inadequate clinical evidence to recommend their widespread adoption.

 Volume loss and hypernatremia can be corrected by supplying free water along with the enteral feeds.