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 TPN formulations are designed to intravenously provide all necessary macronutrients and micronutrients through one solution. It enables consistent and predictable provision of nutritional intake to the patient.

 Macronutrients include carbohydrates and lipids which serve as the primary source for calories. Protein in the TPN solution is designed to meet the body’s requirement for increased synthetic function as well as a source for energy.

 Micronutrients include electrolytes (sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, chloride, selenium, chromium), buffers (phosphate, acetate), and other compounds (vitamins, insulin, famotidine).

 The total volume of the formulation is adjusted in accordance with the patient’s volume status as well as to meet their daily fluid requirements.

 TPN formulations need to be compounded daily to avoid degradation and microbial contamination.