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 Electrolytes are added to the TPN solution to maintain osmotic and electrolyte homeostasis. Sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium are added as either chloride, acetate, or phosphate salts.

 Standard additions include thiamine, folate, multivitamin, and trace elements that include selenium, chromium, copper, and manganese.

 Glycemic control is achieved by adding and titrating the amount of regular insulin in the TPN solution.

 Certain other medications can be added to the TPN solutions depending on their solubility and stability. These include H2‐blockers and heparin.

 A minimum of 150 mL of free water is required for dissolution of the additives in the TPN solution. This can be increased if the patient has additional free water deficits.