Читать книгу Biotechnology of Fruit and Nut Crops - Группа авторов - Страница 176

Pineapple plants are readily regenerated from cell or callus cultures, but this is dependent on the explant (Firoozabady and Moy, 2004) and cultivar (Firoozabady et al., 2006; Sripaoraya et al., 2006). Somatic embryogenesis offers the potential for large-scale propagation of elite hybrids, including the use of bioreactors, as well as being a critical step in many genetic transformation procedures.

When BA is supplemented with an auxin, such as NAA or 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), adventitious shoot proliferation is possible (Mathews and Rangan, 1979, 1981; Wakasa, 1989; Devi et al., 1997; Sripaoraya et al., 2003). However, Daquinta et al. (1996) found the addition of 3,6-dichloroanisic acid (Dicamba) and BA to the culture medium could induce embryogenic cultures from the first three leaves from the apex and found a close similarity between zygotic and somatic embryogenesis. Other studies (Sripaoraya et al., 2003; Yapo et al., 2011) have found that 12.4 μM 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram) was the most suitable for the induction of embryogenic cultures. Firoozabady and Moy (2004) produced five types of embryogenic tissues and found that only one, described as ECC (embryogenic cell clusters), was suitable for pineapple transformation and regeneration was possible on medium containing 4.4 μM BA. In fact, conversion of somatic embryos usually involves transfer to a medium containing only a cytokinin, such as BA, and from this stage they can be easily micropropagated and eventually hardened-off and transferred to the field.

The role of serine/threonine receptor kinase genes have been studied for their possible role in triggering somatic embryogenesis in pineapple (Ma et al., 2014).